Wednesday, March 13, 2019

The Parable of the Mustard Tree


Matthew 13:31-32; Mark 4:30-32

This parable is closely linked with the other “kingdom” parables and is intended to add another nuance to the hearer’s understanding of what the kingdom of God is like. Just as it takes many notes to make a full symphonic score, so it takes many earthly illustrations to create a full picture of the Heavenly Kingdom.

Like the parable of the seed’s spontaneous growth, this parable refers to the growth of the kingdom, but from a slightly different angle. The God of the Scriptures is a God who specializes in creating something out of nothing or out of what is most unlikely. From an old man and his barren wife, God raised up a nation; from an enslaved nation, God raised up a mighty kingdom; from a colonized remnant, God raised up a Messiah. Through the prophet Zechariah, God instructs us not to despise the day of small beginnings, because He will grant the growth in His time.[1]

The Greek words men....de indicate that the speaker is making some form of a contrast – like “on the one hand…on the other hand”. While the mustard seed is not the smallest seed known today, it was more than likely the smallest seed known to Jesus’ audience. According to Grant Osborne, “This was such a startling fact (a plant growing so much in one season from such a small seed) that it became proverbial for rapid growth; in fact, it was often said not to plant such in a garden because it took up so much space.”[2] This is exactly the point our Lord was trying to make…at the time, the kingdom did not appear to be anything significant; a small band of unimportant people following a single rabbi from Galilee; but in due course, this small beginning would develop into a large kingdom that would cover the earth and become home to many.

It is possible that the reference to “the birds of the air” indicates the inclusion of the Gentile nations, as there are Old Testament passages that use similar imagery.[3] Given the fact that Matthew’s Gospel in particular appears to emphasize the incorporation of Gentiles, it seems likely that this understanding was intended.

Be that as it may, the main point of the parable is that the kingdom, be it ever so small, was already present and from this lowly and humble beginning it would grow into a kingdom that would spread over all of God’s garden, overshadowing and overtaking the other herbs until it became a bush so large that birds could inhabit it. From this we learn that a disciple making movement may start small…others may mock the disciple maker and they may question his or her method…but out of the most insignificant beginning, God will honour faithfulness and grant growth that will surprise us all.


[1] Zechariah 4:10. See also 1 Corinthians 3:6-7; Colossians 2:19
[2] Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament: Matthew, Grant R. Osborne, Zondervan, Grand Rapids, MI, 2010, 525-526.
[3] Ezekiel 17:23, 31:6; Daniel 4:9-12, 20-22

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